提升托福写作质量 学会使用状语从句
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- 目录
篇1:提升托福写作质量 学会使用状语从句
提升托福写作质量 学会使用状语从句
在我们阅读的托福文章中我们都可以发现,从句在段落中出现的频率都是很高的,尤其是第一段introduction中,一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句。例如:Some people claim that…,在文章的主体部分中,为了体现句式的变化,各种从句交替应用就显得很重要。即使在IBT导入了first draft的概念之后,对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求,需要体现完整性和统一性。而阅读和写作有着一定沟通,我们不妨也学着使用一些托福写作技巧,来提高文章的质量。
也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务,文章的整体性才会更好的体现。以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子:
1)Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle.
宾语从句,一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。
2)Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children.
定语从句,一般在主体部分中比较常见,用以解释说明,达到简化句子的目的。
3)As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself.
状语从句,让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导,这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子,这个例句可以解释成“做一天和尚撞一天钟”。
4)When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study.
时间状语从句,例句中的应用表示了“当谈到……的时候”,这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式,口语和书面语都可以使用,推荐各位掌握。
很多托福写作技巧并非一朝一夕就能搞定,在掌握了从句的正确用法后,我们的托福写作不管在样式上还是在内容上都会有很大改观,离突破托福写作障碍自然也就不远了。
托福独立写作技巧:“自问自答”的逻辑展开法
很多考生认为独立写作不容易写,主要原因是因为没有想法或语言不好表达。其实,思路和表达是由逻辑决定的。而所有文章的逻辑都可以通过一种“自问自答”的方式展开。这样,你的思路如同行云流水一般流畅,而你的语言也会随着思路从容地表达出来。
下面以05月13日北美新托福独立写作真题为例,题目为:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is better for parents to encourage their children to take a part-time job.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
题目:父母该不该鼓励孩子做兼职工作?
破题思路:
1)问:不做兼职会怎样?答:有可能无所事事而招惹麻烦,受到周围人的影响沾染上坏习性。
2)问:做兼职会怎样?答:学会管理时间、培养责任心、珍惜闲暇时光和辛苦赚到的钱(全文中心论点)。
因此,开头可以这样展开。
第一句,不做兼职可能会怎样:
Children with too much free time are more likely to get themselves in trouble because teenagers tend to develop bad behavior from the influence of their friends and peers.
第二句,还是做兼职好(引出中心论点):
I think that a parent should encourage his or her children to do a part-time job to instill in them the value of time management, a sense of personal responsibility, and also to help them to learn the value of money.
中间段落的逻辑展开也可以如法炮制,如Paragraph 1:
问:做兼职有何好处?答:学会管理时间(本段论点)。
While a part-time job sometimes conflicts with studies, this experience can help young people acquire important time management skills that will help them succeed in college.
问:具体而言,管理时间有何意义?答:拖延时间会拉低学习成绩(举例论证)。
If students begin learning to manage a tight schedule in high school, they will soon understand that procrastination can be detrimental to their grade point average.
得出结论,点题:
A part-time job makes them block off more time each day for work, school and homework.
反问:如果不做兼职可能会怎样?答:时间观念差(再次强调论点)。
Without a part-time job, their schedules are more likely to be unstructured.
后面的段落与之相仿,也是通过自问自答将行文逻辑展开,层层递进、环环相扣。这样的文章思路清晰、逻辑严谨、可操作性强,便于模仿和记忆。
篇2:托福写作如何用好状语从句提升文章质量
托福写作如何用好状语从句提升文章质量?这些例子值得一试
托福写作状语从句运用实例分析
在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句,即原因状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,时间状语从句和目的状语从句。
1. 原因状语从句
常由because, as, since和for引导
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
尽管如此,我还是赞成太空探险,因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
2. 让步状语从句
常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
3. 条件状语从句
常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志,你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。
4. 时间状语从句
常由when和while引导
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
5. 目的状语从句
常由so that和in order that引导
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
提升托福写作的终极秘诀-仿写
在本人教学的这几年中,常常遇到刚接触国外考试的学生抱怨说,在写作的过程中不知道如何提升说理部分的逻辑性,如何举出恰当的例子,以及如何完善词句方面的搭配。
其实,这个问题很简单。我们可以回想一下自己小的时候是如何学习中文的。在两三岁时,虽然我们并没有参加任何形式的中文课程,但是照样能够学会如何正确地说中文。 那是因为,我们周围会有父母和其他亲戚以各种形式做着『示范』,这种示范会潜移默化地影响着我们的语言系统,而小时候我们强大的『模仿』能力,会促使我们快速地吸收、积 累并应用周围正确的中文知识。所以,中文自然而然成为了 我们语言体系中流利的母语。
语言的学习规律是相通的。有了正确的『输入』,才能 有正确的『输出』。所以,要想在英文写作中有所提高,我 们可以借鉴一些上乘的范文,对其思路、结构、语言等进行模仿,并最终应用在我们自己的文章中。这个过程就叫做『仿写』。
如何做仿写?
Step 1 通读范文,了解通篇大意,仔细研究各段构思。
在教学过程中,我会为学生甄选符合国外考 试评分标准的优秀范文。学生拿到这些范文后,可以从宏观的角度了解作者对于题目的观点,是采用了单边、双边还是中立的角度来进行论证。学生还可以从微观的角度,深度分析每个主体段,作者是如何通过有逻辑地说理,并配以恰当具体的例子,来证明此段的分论点。
以下为范?段落实例:
Modern society places a lot of emphasis on success. Though success is clearly desirable, Ithink our intense focus on success is unhealthy and counter productive.People would be better served by learning how to adopt a positive attitude towards failure.
Step 2 学习优秀的语言点
针对每一篇范文,我会为学生总结出其中用法得到的词组和句式,并让学生趁热打铁,强化对这些语料的记忆。这种从整体中提取,呈现成个体的形式,会让学生对这些语料的印象更加深刻。
以下为提取实例:
1、place emphasis on =emphasize 强调,注重
2、counterproductiveadj. 事与愿违,适得其反的
3、sb. be better served对某人有益
serve sb. well 对某人有帮助,有作用
. hope this “punching-in” approach willcontinue to serve you well in the days to come.
4、adopt attitude towards… 对...采取某种态度
Step3 大声朗读,并填入语言点 在进行完前两步之后,我会将范文中优秀的语言点删除,并在相应的位置以填空的形式呈现。学生需要将刚刚记忆过的语言点再次填入文章段落中。这种从个体再回归到整体的过程,会再次强化学生对于语言点及其语法的印象。
以下为实例:
Modern society _____________(关注) success.Though success is clearly desirable, I think our intense focus on success isunhealthy and _______(反作用的,适得其反). _______(人们能获得更多好处) bylearning how to __________(对…采取积极的态度) failure.
Step 4 打开电脑,看着中文提纲,原义输出
接下来的步骤,是仿写过程中最核心的部分。由于大多数学生在初期学习写作的过程中,都是在头脑中想出中文, 再翻译成英文。所以,我们可以模拟这种过程。我将范文翻译成中文版本,然后让学生看着中文,翻译英文。在翻译的过程中,学生会按照之前三个步骤中学习到的语言点及其呈现的形式,主动模仿,写出一篇完整的文章。
这种从无到有的过程,会极大地增强学生的自信心,同时也再次强化了对于之前优秀语言点的学习成果。
以下为中文翻译实例:
现代社会很注重成功。显然人人都想获得成功,但我觉得太关注成功是不健康的而且会适得其反。人们通过学习对失败采取积极的态度会让他们受益更多。
Step 5 对照范文,查漏补缺
每个学生在第4步中翻译出来的英文版本,一般都与范文有些出入。所以,在最后一步中,学生除了可以给老师检查之外,还可以对照第一步中的完整范文,自行查看自己文章中出现的单词拼写、语法错误,以及是否应用了之前学过的优秀语言点。
综上,仿写可以使学生通过『模仿』,学习到正确的文章构思方式,结构的类型,以及优秀的语言点。此外,仿写的整个过程也是通过让学生不断地重复使用这些语言点,达到吸收以及内化的效果。与此同时,学生通过仿写这种从无到有的过程,可以打破对于写作的恐惧,增强自信心,加深对于国外写作考试的理解,切实提高写作功底。
托福备考之独立写作题目练习
同不同意:Some people think that 最重要的品质 in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is 诚实.
Leaders of all kinds should have lots of qualities in order to thrive together with the team. Persistence, passion, confidence and personal charisma, to name a few. When it comes to question of whether honesty is the most important qualities of all for a leader in a student organization, I, personally, would say honesty is definitely not the most important even though it is a contributing factor for a qualified leader and there are other qualities that are more urgent than being honest.
First off, being a good listener and able to communicate well with fellow members can be more important than being honest. Only when a leader sits down and listens patiently to problems and concerns of his or her members, can he or she become an effective leader in a student organization. Also, being an effective communicator can also be equally important since it is essential to convey emotions and ideas clearly to others, and when the leader get his or her ideas across to the fellow members, it enjoys a better chance to be implemented. A leader with exceptional communication skills is very confidence and personable when they are interacting with others. Since they can grab the listeners' attention, it is very easy for them to build rapport with strangers and thus they enjoy better chance to broaden their social networks.
Additionally, it is more essential for leaders of student organizations to be compassionate about the community and set exemplars for their fellow members than just being honest. Actually, lots responsibilities of student leaders involve various volunteer programs and philanthropic activities, if leaders of students body are not committed to getting involved in charitable activities, there will be a lack of energy level and passion among his or her fellow members. To be more specific, students organizations involved in lots of volunteer activities, like collecting food, managing the inventory and distributing food to those in need. They also volunteer in homeless shelters to prepare food or even work behind the scene in the business office. If leaders are motivated to take the initiative and contribute their time and other resources to the community in the first place, chances are that his or her members would follow suit.
In all, students leaders should have more important qualities other than being honest like excellent communication skills, compassion about their community and dedication to their endeavors.
篇3:雅思写作如何使用状语从句
在雅思写作考试中,状语从句的使用能起到非常明显的强调突出作用,如何利用状语从句拿高分呢?
雅思写作备考句型:状语从句的使用
状语的定义非常复杂,也不是很好理解,现在给大家介绍一个较为简单的概念。状语:即由介词引导出来的短语结构。
简单的介词有:in, on, with, by, for, at, about, into, within, throughout, inside, outside等,难一点的介词短语包括:according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in front of,in spite of, into, considering, regarding, respecting, including等。
今天我们来讲一下雅思考试常见五大句型一:主谓结构,如何借助状语变得高大上起来的。
Accordingto the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the averageprices of houses in three citiesdecreasedsignificantly by five percentin NewYork (USA) and(省略by) about 7.5 percent inboth Tokyo (Japan) and London (UK).
这句话的C7T3七分小作文中的句子,将句子中介词引导的状语全部删去后,句子剩下的部分为the average pricesof houses decreased significantly.。这是一个大多数同学都能顺畅写出的主谓结构的句子。
同样,考官考题中的主谓结构也不算少数:Nowadayssome individuals behave in an anti-society way, such ascommitting a crime.这句话只翻译黑色部分,也就是去掉状语后的部分时,几乎没人不会翻译:现如今很多人都这样做。单独翻译状语部分也不是很难:in an anti-societyway,用一种反社会的方式such as committing a crime比如犯罪。那么连接在一起,这句话的意思是:现如今很多人会做一些反社会的事儿,比如犯罪。
雅思写作中如何利用状语从句拿分
一、原因状语从句
能引导原因状语从句的词汇有:because,as,since,inthat
例如:
World food outputper head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980smainly as a
result of increases in yields from land already in cultivationbut also
becausemore land has been brought under plough.
在20世纪70以及80年代,平均每人的食物产量增加了4%,主要是因为现有的耕地食物产量增加,还有一个原因是越来越多的土地被用来耕地。
The removal ofsubsidies stopped land-clearing and over-stocking,because they in thepast had been the principal causes of soil erosion.
因为津贴的废除,导致开荒毁林以及过度放牧的停止,曾经这是水土流失的主要原因。
Such fuel crops areless likely to contribute to the greenhouse effectasthey produce farless carbon dioxide, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.
这样的燃料作物相比之下更不太可能导致温室效应,因为燃烧他们产生的二氧化碳更少并且在这些作物的成长过程中会吸收二氧化碳。
从以上句子中可以看出,原因状语从句的引导词后面接的是一个完整的句子,不能缺少任何的主谓宾成分,并且因为、所以不能同时出现在一个句子里面,有了because就不可以再出现so了,反之亦然。
注:如果能用because of就不要用because。介词词组相比与连词的优势在于because of后面接词组,这就要求考生能将自己的句子进行凝缩。
介词词组有:because of, dueto, as a result of, thanks to, owing to
二、结果状语从句
能引导结果状语从句的词汇有:so...that...
These remarkablebeetles have evolved and adapted so successfullyto the localenvironmentthat they have reached their natural boundaries.
这些甲壳虫进化以及适应当地的环境如此之快以至于他们的数量已经到达了自然界能到达的最大值。
The tuition feeincreasesso rapidly thatmany students take part-time jobs to lightenthe financial burden of their parents.
教育费用增加如此之快以至于很多的学生参加兼职去减少父母的经济负担。
以上两个句子是最基本的句型,写作中可以采用这个基本句型的升级版,将之改为倒装句:
So
successfullyhave these remarkablebeetles evolved and adapted to the local environmentthat they havereached their natural boundaries.
So
rapidly does the tuition fee increase that manystudents take part-time jobs to lighten the financial burden of their families.
将so提前,that后面的句子不发生任何其他的变化。倒装句共四种形式:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]Heis so tall that he cannot sit in the first row.
改成So tall is he thathe cannotsit in the first row.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Hecan do it so quickly that he earns most.
改成So quickly can he do it thatheearns most.
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Hehas done it so quickly that he gets the prize from the manager.
改成So
quickly has he done it thathe gets the prizefrom the manager.
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Hegets the highest mark so easily that he often looks down upon those industriousstudents.
改成So
easily does he get the highest mark thathe often looks down upon those industrious students.
把动词分成四种,前三种(系动词、情态动词以及完成时态)将系动词、情态动词以及构成完成时态的助动词(have,has,had)倒装;第四种实义动词,用助动词do以及其变体进行倒装。
三、时间状语从句
常用的时间状语从句:not...until,since,as
soon as,hardly...when,nosooner...than...
这里重点讲解hardly...when...,以及nosooner...than...
Ihad hardly gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.(过去完成时,过去时)
我刚离开厨房,电话就响了。
改成倒装句:
Hardly had I gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.
Hardly had the newsspread around the country when the president came up with another idea to get ahigher efficiency.
四、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的词:if,provided
that,providingthat
If the governmenttakes immediate steps to curb this situation, the general public will trust thegovernment again.
可以将if改成provided
that,也可以改成providing
that。
注:if除了可以表示条件之外,还可以表示虚拟。条件是可以实现而虚拟表示与事实相反,不可能实现。
[if !supportLists]1) [endif]与现在相反
If he did it, he
would become successfully. 从句用过去式,主句用情态动词的过去时。
If I were you, I
would do it. Be动词的虚拟形态只能用were,不管主语是单数或复数。
If it were not forthe beetles, chemical fertilizer would be washed by rain into streams andrivers before it could be absorbed into the hard earth, polluting water coursesand causing blooms of blue-algae.
[if !supportLists]2) [endif]与过去相反
If he had done the
task, he would have got the award. 从句用过去完成时,主句用情态动词的过去时+完成时。
[if !supportLists]3) [endif]与将来相反
If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.
If he came here, hewould take some gifts to me.
在写作中,比较实用的是表示现在相反以及过去事实相反。并且在表示虚拟的句型中,有三个句型可以进行倒装。
If I were you, Iwould do it.
改成Were I you, Iwould do it.
If he had done thetask, he would have got the award.
改成Had hedone the task, he would have got the award.
If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.
改成Should someonecall me, leave me a message.
如何在英语写作中运用状语从句的省略?
一、状语从句的省略形式必须符合以下两个条件:
1. 从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句主语是it)
2. 从句的谓语部分有系动词be
如果满足以上两个条件,就可以省略从句的主语+be,只保留其他成分,这样可以使句子更加简洁明了。
二、状语从句常见的省略现象
1. 时间状语从句的省略
由when,while,until,after,before, since等引导,如:
Fear is something innate that we actually rely on to keep us safe when (we are) faced with danger. (Skillful reading & writing level3, P13)
解析:这里when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句rely on的逻辑主语一致,且从句有系动词are,此时可以把从句主语we和系动词are一起省略。
When (the brain is) multitasking, the brain is concentrating on one task and then switching to the other, in sequence. (Skillful reading & writing level4, P31)
解析:when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句is concentrating on的逻辑主语一致,且从句有系动词is,此时可以把从句主语the brain和系动词is一起省略。
2. 条件状语从句的省略
由if,unless,once引导,如:
If (these projects are) successful, these projects have amazingly positive potential. (Skillful reading & writing level4, P21)
解析:if引导的条件状语从句中省略了these projects are。
Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.
解析:在once引导的条件状语从句中省略了the museum is。
3. 让步状语从句的省略
由although,though,even if,even though,wherever,whenever,however等引导,如:
Although (he was) the youngest in the group, Tom won all the prize.
解析:although引导的让步状语从句省略了he was。
This viewpoint, however understandable (it is), is not practical.
解析:however引导的让步状语从句省略了it is。
4. 方式状语从句
由as,as if,as though 引导,如:
He did it as required.
解析:由as引导的方式状语从句中省略了 he was。
The girl looked as if afraid of nothing.
解析:由as if引导的方式状语从句省略了she was。
5. 比较状语从句
在比较状语从句中,常在as和than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分,有时甚至省略整个as和than引导的从句,如:
He can play basketball as well as I.
解析:由as引导的比较状语从句省略了do。
You finished the work three weeks earlier than (you were) expected.
解析:由than引导的比较状语从句省略了you were。
6. 其他形式
(1) 在状语从句中,从句主语和主句主语一致,有时候从句谓语没有系动词,也可以省略,如:
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the difference without noticing many similarities.
解析:这里when comparing different cultures就是when we compare different cultures。
(2) 由if引导的习惯用法,常有:if not,if possible,if necessary 等,如:
Correct the mistake in your composition if any.
解析:这里的if any 相当于 if there is any。
就像一幅画作中不应该由多余的线条,一台机器不应该有多余的零件,一句话中也不应该有赘词。所以能够用简洁有力的方式表达的意思可能更好一些。从上面的状语从句的省略现象可以看出语言表达的多样性,灵活性和可变性。如果我们能够灵活的掌握这种省略的形式,可以有效提高我们句子表达的技巧。虽然状语从句的省略形式可以提高我们句子表达的多样性,但是这种省略形式必须以保持句子原有意思不变,不产生歧义和准确性的基础上输出。
状语从句如何增加雅思写作的难度
雅思句子的宗旨,万变不离其宗,只有五大基本句型,除此以外,都是在五大基本句型上添加了部分修饰,使得句子看起来比较高大上。而在这些添加的部分当中,最重要的一项当属状语了。
状语的定义非常复杂,也不是很好理解,现在给大家介绍一个较为简单的概念。状语:即由介词引导出来的短语结构。
简单的介词有:in, on, with, by, for, at, about, into, within, throughout, inside,
outside等,难一点的介词短语包括:according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in
front of,in spite of, into, considering, regarding, respecting, including等。
今天我们来讲一下雅思考试常见五大句型一:主谓结构,如何借助状语变得高大上起来的。
Accordingto the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the
averageprices of houses in three citiesdecreasedsignificantly by five percentin
NewYork (USA) and(省略by) about 7.5 percent inboth Tokyo (Japan) and London
(UK).
这句话的C7T3七分小作文中的句子,将句子中介词引导的状语全部删去后,句子剩下的部分为the average pricesof houses
decreased significantly.。这是一个大多数同学都能顺畅写出的主谓结构的句子。
同样,考官考题中的主谓结构也不算少数:Nowadayssome individuals behave in an anti-society way,
such ascommitting a
crime.这句话只翻译黑色部分,也就是去掉状语后的部分时,几乎没人不会翻译:现如今很多人都这样做。单独翻译状语部分也不是很难:in an
anti-societyway,用一种反社会的方式such as committing a
crime比如犯罪。那么连接在一起,这句话的意思是:现如今很多人会做一些反社会的事儿,比如犯罪。
加油添加状语,让自己的雅思写作句子变得丰富起来吧。
篇4:托福写作如何提升用词质量和水平
托福写作如何提升用词质量和水平?5个改写实例提供新思路
托福写作提升用词质量水平改写实例分析
1.Original: We know that sometimes success is measured by how much money you earn.
Revised: It does not surprise us to discover that sometimes success is measured in terms of the money you earn.
点评:know是非常初级的词汇,作文中出现I believe that,I know that这样的表达只能体现考生写作技巧的稚嫩,用It does not surprise us to discover that替换We know that并没有改变原句的含义,却使全句顿时增添了亮点。
2.Original: We all know that most factories would be of no use if there were not clean water supply.
Revised: It goes without saying that most factories would be of no use if there were not clean water supply.
托福写作点评:同上例一样,know这样的初级词汇应避免在作文中使用,It goes without saying that是一个固定结构,意思是“是不言而喻的”,常在作文中用来引经据典或表明一个尽人皆知的道理,类似的表达还有:
An old saying goes that
Proverb goes that
It is universally acknowledged that
It is generally accepted that
3.Original: Some other people think that people should read extensively.
Revised: Another position says that people should read extensively.
点评:同know一样,think也应该尽量避免使用,修改后的句子中是用Another position says that代替think提出另一种观点,也可以用hold a point of view,hold the opinion这样的短语替换。
4.Original: The unexpected win of the match give us confidence.
Revised: The unexpected win of the match boost our confidence.
点评:give也属于英语中最初级、最基本的词汇,也是中国学生最喜欢在托福独立写作中应用的词。这个词只表示“给,给予”这个动作,不涉及动作的性质和状态,若表示增添信心,增强士气,比较地道的说法是用boost confidence/morale,如:The change of management has boosted morale throughout the company. 管理模式的改变使整个公司上下士气倍受鼓舞。
5.Original: The use of drugs has increased greatly in the last ten years.
Revised: The use of drugs has increased significantly in the last ten years.
点评:greatly是一般用语,表示程度高,“很,非常”,使用相当普遍而没有新意,在托福独立写作中应尽量避免使用这些通俗而又陈旧的词汇,应换用一些更加正式,更有说服力的词语,例如significantly表示达到了非常重要的或可观的程度,“重大的,可观的”,能够具体说明药品使用方面,增长幅度巨大。significantly还可以替换成considerably,tremendously等,同样具有不错的表达效果。
相信通过上面的例句分析,大家对托福写作词汇中的低级词汇都有了一定程度的了解,建议大家在托福作文备考时,还是要积累生活实例、多积累素材、经典句型等,不要只是一种表述方式,一个单词来回换。通过丰富而多样化的用词提升文章质量,这样你的作文才能得到更高的评价。
托福写作解析:实用的经典句式
托福作文开头套句:
When it comes to..., some think...
There is a public debate today that...
A is a common way of..., but is it a wise one?
Recently the problem has been broughtsintosfocus.
提出观点:
Now there is a growing awareness that...
It is time we explore the truth of...
Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.
进一步提出观点:
...but that is the only part of the history.
Another equally important aspect is...
A is but one of the many effects. Another is...
Besides, other reasons are...
提出假想例子的方式:
Suppose that...
Just imagine what would be like if...
It is reasonable to expect...
It is not surprising that...
举普通例子:
For example(instance),...
... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)
A good case in point is...
A particular example for this is...
引用:
One of the greatest early writers said ...
“Knowledge is power”, such is the remark of ...
“...”. That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).
“...”. How often we hear such words like there.
讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare
..., such dilemma we often meet in daily life
..., the story still has a realistic significance.
提出原因:
There are many reasons for...
Why ..., for one thing,...
The answer to this problem involves many factors.
Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...
The first reason can be obliviously seen.
Most people would agree that...
Some people may neglect that in fact ...
Others suggest that...
Part of the explanation is ...
进行对比:
The advantages for A outweigh the disadvantages of...
Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...
Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.
A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...
承上启下:
To understand the truth of..., it is also important to see...
A study of ... will make this point clear
让步:
Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...
I do not deny that A has its own merits.
结尾:
From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that...
In summary, it is wiser...
In short...
托福写作模板:现在比以前更容易接受教育
11月26日托福独立写作真题
Nowadays it is easier to be an educated person than it was in the past.
托福独立写作题目
It is easier to become a educated person today than it was in the past.
点睛
题目大意:成为一个受过教育的人现在要比过去更加容易。此题属于典型的古今对比,常见的思考方向有:科技水平、物质水平、受教育水平、人们的意识和观念、社会的趋势和政策。波波建议选择同意,因为高科技的产品出现和人们教育意识的提升。
托福独立写作范文
As is known to all, receiving education has always been the main way for us to acquire knowledge throughout the human civilization history. Recently there has been a hot debate whether education today is more accessible to the public than in the past. As far as I am concerned, there is no doubt that people nowadays have much easier access to education with the following reasons.
To begin with, the advent of various high-tech products has enriched the ways and approaches to receive education. Obviously, with the introduction of advanced means of education, educational resources take on multiple forms such as distant education and online study, which make knowledge more accessible to us. However, in the past, the only way to get educated was to attend classess in traditional schools, which definitely increases the difficulty of gaining education. For example, in the process of making preparations for TOEFL test, I want to take class in Beijing New Oriental School. But I am an undergraduate student of a university far away from Beijing. Meanwhile, due to the academic pressure from my college study, it is impossible for me to take a month off and to have an intensive course in Beijing. Thanks to the online courses, I can take these classes in my college while handling the tasks and assignment from my field of study. The online courses make possible the in-time response to my questions and online submission of assignments.
Secondly, since more and more importance is being attached to education, it is much easier and essential to get educated than in the past. Under the society full of intense competition, acquiring formal education has become the essenital precondition for anyone to make a living. As a result, the public awareness of receiving education is much stronger than before, leading to a common phenomenon that an increasing number of parents send their kids to study abroad. However, in the bygone days/in the old days, the requirement for a person was not as strict as it is today, with the result that less attention was paid to education. According to a survey conducted by the National Educational Department in China, the number of students who take the national college entrance examination has risen from 88.3% in 2008 to 92.5% in 2013. Meanwhile, another research shows that the literacy rate in China has increased by 23.6% in 2013 compared with 61.50% in 1993. The above data has shown that the number of educated people has gone through a dramatic rise, which indirectly indicates that education now is more available to the public.
Admittedly, some areas in the world may be cited as an exception. For instance, people in the war-stricken areas including Iraq and Syria do not have easier access to education and some of them are even on the verge of starvation. In these areas, the current educational situation is not better than that in the past. However, such cases only occupy such a tiny percentage of the global population that they can be neglected.
In conclusion, I believe that it is much easier for the public to receive education than in the past with the aid of technology and the awakening sense of education.
托福写作模板:自己的经验比询问别人更能解决问题
20托福写作真题题目:
2016年10月29日托福写作题目:
It’s more important to use your own knowledge and experience than ask others’ knowledge and experience to solve problems.
托福写作范文参考:
2016年10月29日托福写作范文:
People tend to respond to problems differently given the fact that personalities may vary among different individuals. When it comes to the question of whether or not to solve the problem based on one’s own experience and knowledge or solicit others advice, I tend to believe that it really depends on the nature of the problem and we can not draw a definitive line here.
On the one hand, a rookie without any experience in a particular field can learn a great deal of knowledge and develop useful skills when learning from an experienced individual. For instance, when my father taught me how to ride a bike, I remember his experience and knowledge were extremely useful. My father sat me on the paddle with one feet hanging in the air, and I hold the handlebar straight and bent my arms a little bit so that I could keep balance. After my dad’s instruction and guidance,eventually I learned how to ride a bike. Also, in a working environment, the knowledge and experience of senior employees can be very helpful for someone who hold junior positions in the company. The expertise of senior workers have proven from time to time that a certain strategy of business operation cannot be paralleled by any other approach. Indeed, a recent study done by the National Society of Organizational Behavior indicates that one enjoys a better chance to be successful in his professional life if he gets intensive coaching and training from senior managers during the first two years of his job. Consequently, we can conclude that on some occasions it is beneficial for someone to capitalize on others’ experience and knowledge.
On the other hand, for problems, setbacks or major decisions that have a significant impact on the individual’s life, it is not rational to be influenced by others’ opinions and perspectives. For example, when you have big decisions like which university to attend or whether or not taking on a new career path, it is far better for you to figure it out and sort it through by yourself other than solicit the advice from others. Above all, nobody knows you better than yourself. You are the one who needs to live with the decision and other people won’t be the ones with the consequence. Frankly, it takes a lot of courage to stand up and take personal responsibility for your own decision. Any decision made out of assertiveness and confidence should be respected, however, nobody shows any respect to those who are wishy-washy and hesitate to make their own decisions.
In conclusion, we cannot readily draw a definitive line on question of is it better to use your own knowledge and experience than ask others’ knowledge and experience to solve problems since it has has to be examined case by case.
篇5:如何提升托福写作质量?学会精简冗长的内容
如何提升托福写作质量?学会精简冗长的内容
首先,在一个冗长的句子中,我们往往可以看到一些词组。其实,深度的考虑一下,这些词组是完全可以用一个单词来取代的。而随之,整个句子也就相对变的简化了。
比如:Forget(忘记)代替do not remember(没有记住)
Ignore(忽视)代替do not pay attention to(不注意)
其次,在托福的备考过程中,我们经常会提到省略同义词或近义词,在修改冗长语句的过程中,我们也一样可以用到这样的方法。比如:
The government project is important and significant.(这项政府计划是重要的,有重要意义。)
改成:The government project is significant.(这项政府计划有重要意义。)原因就是important和significant可以说是近义词,没有重复使用的必要。
最后,在不改变句子含义的前提下,省略所有可以省略的单词。也就是不影响自己理解的前提下,可以让自己的文章变得更为精简。
University malls must be accessible and free from congestion in order that students, faculty andemployees may have unobstructed passage through those areas of the campus.(校内道路必须是便于通行的,不拥堵的,以便让学生、教师和职员能够无阻碍地通过,到达校园的各处。)
University malls must be free enough from congestion to allow people to walk through easily.(校内道路不应当拥堵,以便人们顺利通行。)
托福写作:如何把握文章字数?
很多人在准备托福写作的时候都纠结于字数,不知道多少字最为适宜,今天小编就带大家一起来看一下托福写作对于字数的“讲究”。
托福综合写作:
最适宜的托福综合写作字数区间为240-300字。为什么说这是最适宜呢?因为通常这个区间极容易出满分;那又会问为什么容易出满分呢?因为这没有特别多思维的限制。综合写作是不需要大家去过度的考虑节省文字,更不需要大家过度的考虑填充文字。托福考生只要用熟自己的综合写作模板,做好对于听力和阅读内容的总结和适当填写,基本上字数就落到了这个区间里。如果超出,说明细节写多了(这个是会扣分的,毕竟人家是summary essay要sum up);如果不足,说明要么模板太简单,要么内容不充分。
托福独立写作:
关于独立写作的字数规范,到现在也没有一个普遍认可的标度。出现这样的认知差异,归根到底是起源于独立写作发散的创作本质。这跟高考作文字数有标准,但遵守不严格是一个道理。创作得当、文笔突出、内涵丰富的文章,不会让字数成为其拦路虎。字数的规则也正是这些深层写作能力的最直接和简单的衡量标准。但它并不绝对,只是具有相对普遍性。虽然没有具体的字数标准,但在托福独立写作中,最低字数是320字,这是大多数人较为充足的展现四段式结构的最低,也是符合托福写作中最基础的要求。从操作来看,320字是大多数人完成四段写作的最低字数。开头及结尾50字,中间段落110字。开头结尾三句话,中间段落6句话,基本可以包括每种段落的所有表达部分。
在这里,不得不提醒大家一句。打字速度是十分重要的。请大家自查,是否盲打能够达到380字/20分钟。如果能,就无需练习。不能,则必须好好用起打字。打字速度,对于机考考试来说,等同于笔试中字的美感的重要性。写的出,但打不快就得不偿失了。另外,需要要强调的是:当文字数量已经足够完成一切表达要求之后,再写多也是没有意义的。所以,过多的字数是不加分的。但是,也基本也不扣分。
以上就是关于托福写作的字数原则,给大家参照,希望考生根据自己的能力选择适合的备考方法。
篇6:托福写作要学会使用哪些词汇呢
托福写作要学会使用哪些词汇呢?
首先,我们先来看看托福写作词汇量。所谓词汇量,从宏观出发指的是你所掌握的单词总数。比如说你为了参加托福考试,整日茶饭不思,大门不出在家苦苦求索,用无数大脑细胞换来的单词记忆量。这个首先保证的是你的阅读能力,当你看到这个单词的时候好像形同陌路,也有点似曾相识,但是可以很大程度上帮助你理解整篇文章的意思,如此一来,你做TOEFL阅读部分的时候,词汇量的大小决定了你对文章的认知程度。可是对于写作而言,这个单词量就要另当别论了,或许你可以有几万个单词在大脑里,可是谈到写作,就很难用单词量来衡量你的具体应用了;换句话说,你认识他们每一个人,但是他们是不是认识你就不好说了。
很多同学背单托福词汇的坚韧精神让我佩服不已,但一如既往地记忆的确很好,可是在写作方面还是有很多苦恼:一般是提笔忘字或者高级词汇的使用,还有就是句型过于简单罗列,使得整篇文章缺少亮点和层次感。想要避免提笔忘字,就要谈到词汇要怎么记忆了,纯粹的单词表记忆,破坏了单词之间的联系性,积累写作方面的单词,最好不要逐一地背单词表,按照字母顺序排列的单词,彼此之间的联系太少。针对这一特点,市场上TOEFL写作类的图书都做了很多调整,经常在每篇范文之后附加了文章中好的词汇和短语,这样在你学习了范文的写法之后,再回味一下文章中的词汇精华,一举两得。如果有充分的时间,可以选择一些文字类新闻多一些的英文网站,Yahoo,MSN之类的就不错。通过阅读新闻来积累单词,首先很多社会新闻可以成为我们写作的构思素材,其次多元化的新闻,不容易产生死背单词的枯燥感。
关于高级词汇在TOEFL写作中的应用,我觉得要顺其自然。有些考生总是喜欢找一些级别高的单词,甚至是被人冷落的单词进行记忆,这就好像让莎士比亚去考托福一样,级别相差太多。我见过很多学生,尤其是高中生,因为记忆力还保持在茂盛期,所以偏爱这种类型的记忆; 这样做的优点在于你的单词量扩展得很好,基本可以参加GRE的考试,缺点就是牺牲太多时间,也会损害记忆能力。针对TOEFL考试,词汇上的升级其实也很简单,我们来看下边这几个词汇:
important significant magnificent
这几个词大家都很熟悉,都有“重要,华丽”的意思。可是作为同级比较的形容词,它们之间的关系则是递进式的,其强调的重要或者华丽的程度也在逐渐提升。如果你按照这样的顺序来进行记忆,不但可以记牢这几个单词,而且可以得到如何应用的真谛。所以所谓的高级词汇的应用,要从基础开始,打好基础之后再进行积累,切忌操之过急。再来看看下边这个例子:
Humility humiliate humiliated humiliating
这几个词汇都是由humility衍生出来的,但是意思大不相同,humility是我们的传统美德,叫做“谦卑”,和pride正好是反义词;而humiliate却是“使人蒙尘”的意思,humiliate和humiliating 一般口语使用偏多,指的是“感觉很丢脸,没有面子”。例如:I feel humiliated 或者 it is humiliating. 有时候,与其花费大量时间去记忆新单词和词组,都不如在已经掌握的单词中进行联想性的扩展来的有效和实惠。其实道理很简单,说一个东西好,很好,到非常好,相当好,甚至好到不能再好,这是一个纵向比较的记忆方法,按照级别的不同进行选择性的记忆和使用。
我们再看看下边这个TOEFL写作例子:
So amazing are these crewmembers that they have successfully accomplished space walk,what a briliant mission!
这句话是某英文网站对神舟七号的评价,这个属于句子的倒装,但是强调的内容是amazing。这个词意思很广泛,而且同义词也有很多,例如incredible, wonderful, 甚至unbelievable,这里用amazing是表示难以置信的好,类似incredible,是对太空行走这次任务完成的积极评价,这就是高级词汇的同等记忆了,这几个词都有“美妙,奇妙,难以置信”之类的意思,记忆的方法属于横向比较,也就是说,都是表示好到不能再好之类的意思,但是好的方向不同,所以单词的选择会有区别。
通过上面对于如何运用好托福托福写作词汇的介绍相信大家对于托福写作有了新的认识了吧!托福写作有时并不是你能力不够,而是你还没掌握托福词汇的使用方法。
托福写作解析:托福写作考什么
当你在外留学时,你需要清晰并有组织地回答关于写作部分的问题。今天,我们将对考试的写作部分进行更进一步的研究,你将在一个学术环境下进行一场英语写作测试。
写作部分概述
时限:50 分钟
问题:2 个任务
任务:在阅读与听力任务的基础上写出文章;并在写作中表述你支持的观点。
写作部分由两个任务组成:综合写作与独立写作。让我们简单地了解下各个任务:
综合写作任务
综合写作任务包括阅读、听力与写作。你将阅读一篇关于学术性话题的短文,然后在听力部分你将听到一名演讲者从不同的观点讨论同样的主题。最后,你需要用英文对听力材料中的要点写下总结,文章需体现它们是如何与阅读材料中的要点相关联。
独立写作任务
独立写作任务测试你依据自身的经历与知识写作的能力。你需要完成一篇写作,就某个议题阐述与支持你的观点。这里的关键是要以具体细节来支持你的观点或选择。文章字数达到 300 字左右才为有效。
我们希望这能帮助你更好的了解写作部分。请别忘了查阅随后的博文,我将在其中详细说明具体的写作问题。
托福写作热点话题解析:与孩子分享
Which one of the following values is the most significant to share with a young kid (5-10 years old)?
A being helpful
B being honest
C being well organized
拿到这道题目以后同学们会选择哪个选项呢?
下面我们来分析一下这道题目:
这道题目为一道“三选一”类题型,在回答这种题型的时候考生们可以不用写最令人头疼的让步段。刨除开头和结尾段,主体段的写作可以围绕着所选选项的优势和不选择的选项的弊端进行展开。针对于这道题做题比较多的同学会根据“题感”选择A和C 这两个选项,此时选择C选项的同学表示不服。吼吼~ 同学们先不要着急,因为我们今天要讲的分论点构思方法可以适用于这三个选项。
在审阅这道题目时,同学们应该首当其冲看到一些关键词“5-10 years old”。当题目当中出现一些表示特定时间段的词汇时,建议同学们使用“换时间点”法。所谓的换时间点法就是将文章主体段按照时间节点划分为两段。一段立足于当下,一段立足于未来。
例如:A选项所提到的helpful就可以用这种方法进行写作。第一段针对当下时间段的主题句可以写为:小孩子在5-10 岁之间养成乐于助人的品质可以使孩子们在班里结交到更多的朋友。第二段针对未来时间段的主题句可以写为:孩子小的时候养成乐于助人的习惯在未来会成为一个有责任感的人。同时B和C 选项也可以使用这样的方法进行论证。现在这篇文章看起来是不是更容易展开了呢?
同样的题型还有:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their own money at young age. Use specific reason and examples to support your answer.
在分析这道题目的时候我们要看到一个关键词“at young age”。这道题目所问的“为了使孩子成长为一个对自身经济状况负责任的年轻人,应该在孩子小的时候就让孩子学习理财。”如果这道题目没有了关键词“at young age”,题意就会变为“为了使孩子成为对自己经济状况负责的年轻人,应该让孩子们学习理财”,同时这道题目就失去了可讨论性,既然是一中贯穿终生的能力当然应该学习。
所以,通过上述分析,我们不难发现,这道题目讨论的重点在“at young age”上面。因为孩子年纪小,因此有些人会分析道:1由于孩子年龄小手头没有太多金钱,即使学习了理财也没有意义 2 小孩子的主业是学习,学习理财会浪费本应该用在学习上的时间。与之相反,当思考到“应该让孩子从小学习理财”这个论点的时候,同学们会出现词穷的现象,多数同学只能想到“由于理财是一个贯穿终生的技能,因此应该从小学习”。此时,推荐同学们使用“换时间点”法。首段我们可以去分析一下小时候学习理财对孩子小时候就产生的立竿见影的好处。比如:在孩子小的时候学习理财就可以帮助孩子们养成不乱花钱的习惯。第二段去分析一下小时候学习理财对孩子长大后产生的好处。比如: 年少时就学习过理财的孩子比起那些长大后才学会理财的孩子要拥有更丰富的理财经验,可以避免重大投资理财失败等等。
因此,综上所述,当同学们在题目当中看到有表示特殊时间点的关键词时,推荐大家使用“换时间点”法。希望这个方法可以帮助同学们更顺利地完成独立写作。
★ 让步状语从句
★ 各种状语从句一览
★ 状语从句表解